Jute is a soft, shiny Bast fiber that can be spun into coarse, strong threads. It is produced primarily from plants in the genus Corchorus, which was once classified with the family Tiliaceae, and more recently with Malvaceae. The primary source of the fiber is Corchorus olitorius, but it is considered inferior to Corchorus capsularis.[1] “Jute” is the name of the plant or fiber used to make burlap, hessian or gunny cloth. Jute is one of the most affordable natural fibers, and second only to cotton in the amount produced and variety of uses. Jute fibers are composed primarily of the plant materials cellulose and lignin. It falls into the bast fiber category (fiber collected from bast, the phloem of the plant, sometimes called the “skin”) along with kenaf, industrial hemp, flax (linen), ramie, etc. The industrial term for jute fiber is raw jute. The fibers are off-white to brown, and 1–4 metres (3–13 feet) long. Jute is also called the golden fiber for its color and high cash value.
Jute needs a plain alluvial soil and standing water. The suitable climate for growing jute (warm and wet) is offered by the monsoon climate, during the monsoon season. Temperatures from 20˚C to 40˚C and relative humidity of 70%–80% are favourable for successful cultivation. Jute requires 5–8 cm of rainfall weekly, and more during the sowing period. White jute (Corchorus capsularis) Historical documents (including Ain-e-Akbari by Abul Fazal in 1590) state that the poor villagers of India used to wear clothes made of jute. The weavers, who used to spin cotton yarns, used simple handlooms and hand spinning wheels. History also states that Indians, especially Bengalis, used ropes and twines made of white jute from ancient times for household and other uses. Tossa jute (Corchorus olitorius) Tossa jute (Corchorus olitorius) is a variety thought to be native to India, and is the world’s top producer. It is grown for both fibre and culinary purposes. It is used as a herb in Middle Eastern and African countries, where the leaves are used as an ingredient in a mucilaginous potherb called “molokhiya”. It is very popular in some Arab countries such as Egypt, Jordan, and Syria as a soup-based dish, sometimes with meat over rice or lentils. The Book of Job, in the King James translation of the Hebrew Bible mentions this vegetable potherb as “Jew’s mallow”. It is rich in protein, vitamin C, beta-carotene, calcium, and iron. On the other hand, it is used mainly for its fibre in India, in other countries in Southeast Asia, and the South Pacific. Tossa jute fibre is softer, silkier, and stronger than white jute. This variety astonishingly shows good sustainability in the climate of the Ganges Delta. Along with white jute, tossa jute has also been cultivated in the soil of Bengal where it is known as paat from the very beginning of the 19th century. Now, the Bengal region (West Bengal in India, and Bangladesh) is the largest global producer of the tossa jute variety. History For centuries, jute has been an integral part of the culture of Bengal, in the entire southwest of Bangladesh and some portions of West Bengal. During the British Raj in the 19th and early 20th centuries, much of the raw jute fibre of Bengal was carried off to the United Kingdom, where it was then processed in mills concentrated in Dundee. Initially, due to its texture, it could only be processed by hand until it was discovered in that city that by treating it with whale oil, it could be treated by machine. The industry boomed (“jute weaver” was a recognised trade occupation in the 1901 UK census), but this trade had largely ceased by about 1970, due to the appearance of synthetic fibres. Margaret Donnelly, a jute mill landowner in Dundee in the 1800s, set up the first jute mills in Bengal. In the 1950s and 1960s, when nylon and polythene were rarely used, one of the primary sources of foreign exchange earnings for the erstwhile United Pakistan, was the export of jute products, based on jute grown in the East Bengal, now Bangladesh. Jute has been called the “Golden Fibre of Bangladesh.” However, as the use of polythene and other synthetic materials as a substitute for jute increasingly captured the market, the jute industry in general experienced a decline. During some years in the 1980s, farmers in Bangladesh burnt their jute crops when they did not get profitable price. Many jute exporters diversified away from jute to other commodities. Jute-related organizations and government bodies were also forced to close, change or downsize. The long decline in demand forced Adamjee Jute Mills, the largest jute mills in the world to close in Bangladesh. The government nationalized Latif Bawany Jute Mills, the second largest mill in Bangladesh. It was formerly owned by the businessperson, Yahya Bawany. Farmers in Bangladesh have not completely ceased growing jute, however, mainly due to its demand in the internal market. Between 2004–2010, the jute market recovered and the price of raw jute increased more than 500%[citation needed]. Jute has entered many diverse sectors of industry, where natural fibres are gradually becoming better substitutes. Among these industries are paper, celluloid products (films), non-woven textiles, composites, (pseudo-wood), and geotextiles. In 2006, the General Assembly of the United Nations proclaimed 2009 to be the International Year of Natural Fibres, so as to raise the profile of jute and other natural fibres. Production Jute is a rain-fed crop with little need for fertilizer or pesticides, in contrast to cotton’s acute requirements. Production is concentrated in some parts of India and in Bangladesh. The jute fibre comes from the stem and ribbon (outer skin) of the jute plant. The fibres are at first extracted by retting. The retting process consists of bundling jute stems together and immersing them in slow running water. There are two types of retting: stem and ribbon. After the retting process, stripping begins; women and children usually do this job. In the stripping process, non-fibrous matter is scraped off, then the workers dig in and grab the fibres from within the jute stem. India, Pakistan, and China are the large buyers of local jute while the United Kingdom, Spain, Côte d’Ivoire, Germany and Brazil also import raw jute from Bangladesh. Genome On 16 June 2010, Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina declared that Bangladesh successfully completed the draft genome of jute. A consortium of researchers from University of Dhaka, Bangladesh Jute Research Institute (BJRI) and private software firm DataSoft Systems Bangladesh Ltd. in collaboration with Centre for Chemical Biology, University of Science Malaysia and University of Hawaii were involved in this project. Uses Jute is the second most important vegetable fibre next to cotton. Jute is used chiefly to make cloth for wrapping bales of raw cotton, and to make sacks and coarse cloth. The fibres are also woven into curtains, chair coverings, carpets, area rugs, hessian cloth, and backing for linoleum. While jute is being replaced by synthetic materials in many of these uses, some uses take advantage of jute’s biodegradable nature, where synthetics would be unsuitable. Examples of such uses include containers for planting young trees, which can be planted directly with the container without disturbing the roots, and land restoration where jute cloth prevents erosion occurring while natural vegetation becomes established. The fibres are used alone or blended with other types of fibre to make twine and rope. Jute rope has long been popular in Japan for use in bondage [citation needed]. Jute butts, the coarse ends of the plants, are used to make inexpensive cloth. Conversely, very fine threads of jute can be separated out and made into imitation silk. As jute fibres are also being used to make pulp and paper, and with increasing concern over forest destruction for the wood pulp used to make most paper, the importance of jute for this purpose may increase. Jute has a long history of use in the sackings, carpets, wrapping fabrics (cotton bale), and construction fabric manufacturing industry. Traditionally jute was used in traditional textile machineries as textile fibres having cellulose (vegetable fibre content) and lignin (wood fibre content). However, the major breakthrough came when the automobile, pulp and paper, and the furniture and bedding industries started to use jute and its allied fibres with their non-woven and composite technology to manufacture nonwovens, technical textiles, and composites. Therefore, jute has changed its textile fibre outlook and steadily heading towards its newer identity, i.e., wood fibre. As a textile fibre, jute has reached its peak from where there is no hope of progress, but as a wood fibre jute has many promising features. Jute is used in the manufacture of a number of fabrics such as Hessian cloth, sacking, scrim, carpet-backing cloth (CBC), and canvas. Hessian, lighter than sacking, is used for bags, wrappers, wall-coverings, upholstery, and home furnishings. Sacking, a fabric made of heavy jute fibres, has its use in the name. CBC made of jute comes in two types. Primary CBC provides a tufting surface, while secondary CBC is bonded onto the primary backing for an overlay. Jute packaging is used as an eco-friendly substitute. Diversified jute products are becoming more and more valuable to the consumer today. Among these are espadrilles, soft sweaters and cardigans, floor coverings, home textiles, high performance technical textiles, Geotextiles, composites, and more. Jute floor coverings consist of woven, tufted, and piled carpets. Jute Mats and mattings with 5/6 metres width and of continuous length are easily being woven in Southern parts of India, in solid and fancy shades, and in different weaves like, Boucle, Panama, Herringbone, etc. Jute Mats & Rugs are made both through Powerloom & Handloom, in large volume from Kerala, India. The traditional Satranji mat is becoming very popular in home décor. Jute non-wovens and composites can be used for underlay, linoleum substrate, and more. Jute has many advantages as a home textile, either replacing cotton or blending with it. It is a strong, durable, colour and light-fast fibre. Its UV protection, sound and heat insulation, low thermal conduction and anti-static properties make it a wise choice in home décor. In addition, fabrics made of jute fibres are carbon-dioxide neutral and naturally decomposable. These properties can also be used in high performance technical textiles. Moreover, jute can be grown in 4-6 months with a huge amount of cellulose being produced from the jute hurd (inner woody core or parenchyma of the jute stem) that can meet most of the wood needs of the world. Jute is the major crop among others that is able to protect deforestation by industrialisation. Thus, jute is the most environment-friendly fibre starting from the seed to expired fibre, as the expired fibres can be recycled more than once. Jute is also used to make ghillie suits, which are used as camouflage and resemble grasses or brush. Another diversified jute product is Geotextiles, which made this agricultural commodity more popular in the agricultural sector. It is a lightly woven fabric made from natural fibres, which is used for soil erosion control, seed protection, weed control, and many other agricultural and landscaping uses. The Geotextiles can be used more than a year and the bio-degradable jute Geotextile left to rot on the ground keeps the ground cool and is able to make the land more fertile. Methods such as this could be used to transfer the fertility of the Ganges Delta to the deserts of Sahara or Australia [citation needed]. Other Uses ul>

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Diversified byproducts from jute can be used in cosmetics, medicine, paints, and other products. Features Jute fibre is 100% Jute fibre is 100% bio-degradable and recyclable and thus environmentally friendly. Jute has low pesticide and fertilizer needs. It is a natural fibre with golden and silky shine and hence called The Golden Fibre. It is the cheapest vegetable fibre procured from the bast or skin of the plant’s stem. It is the second most important vegetable fibre after cotton, in terms of usage, global consumption, production, and availability. It has high tensile strength, low extensibility, and ensures better breathability of fabrics. Therefore, jute is very suitable in agricultural commodity bulk packaging. It helps to make best quality industrial yarn, fabric, net, and sacks. It is one of the most versatile natural fibres, that has been used in raw materials for packaging, textiles, non-textile, construction, and agricultural sectors. Bulking of yarn, results in a reduced breaking tenacity and an increased breaking extensibility when blended as a ternary blend. The best source of jute in the world is the Bengal Delta Plain in the Ganges Delta, most of which is occupied by Bangladesh. Advantages of jute include good insulating and antistatic properties, as well as having low thermal conductivity and moderate moisture regain. Other advantages of jute include acoustic insulating properties and manufacture with no skin irritations. Jute has the ability to be blended with other fibers, both synthetic and natural, and accepts cellulosic dye classes such as natural, basic, vat, sulfur, reactive, and pigment dyes. As the demand for natural comfort fibres increases, the demand for jute and other natural fibres that can be blended with cotton will increase. To meet this demand, some manufactures in the natural fibre industry plan to modernize processing with the Rieter’s Elitex system. As a result, jute/cotton yarns will produce fabrics with a reduced cost of wet processing treatments. Jute can also be blended with wool. By treating jute with caustic soda, crimp, softness, pliability, and appearance is improved, aiding in its ability to be spun with wool. Liquid ammonia has a similar effect on jute, as well as the added characteristic of improving flame resistance when treated with flame-proofing agents. Some noted disadvantages include poor drap-ability and crease resistance, brittleness, fibre shedding, and yellowing in sunlight. However, preparation of fabrics with castor oil lubricants result in less yellowing and less fabric weight loss, as well as increased dyeing brilliance. Jute has a decreased strength when wet, and becomes subject to microbial attack in humid climates. Jute can be processed with an enzyme in order to reduce some of its brittleness and stiffness. Once treated with an enzyme, jute shows an affinity to readily accept natural dyes, which can be made from marigold flower extract. In one attempt to dye jute fabric with this extract, bleached fabric was made mordant with ferrous sulphate, increasing the fabric’s dye uptake value. Jute also responds well to reactive dyeing. This process is used for bright and fast coloured value-added diversified products made from jute. http://bjmc.gov.bd/site/page/c016d82d-5e15-4e7c-8bcd-a52df6324f94/- http://www.juteyarn-bjsa.org/jute-at-a-glance/ both above two link is for jute industry at a glance

Present Situation

The export of jute and jute-made goods saw a healthy growth of 21.55 percent in the first half (July-December) period of the current fiscal year (FY20) fetching $511.73 million higher than the strategic export target of $400.72 million for the period, reports BSS.,
The export earnings from jute and jute-made goods during the July-December period of the last fiscal year (FY19) were $421.02 million, according to the latest statistics from the Export Promotion Bureau (EPB). The EPB data revealed that the export of raw jute during this first half of current fiscal totalled $88.62 million followed by jute yarn and twine $314.68 million, jute sacks and bags $58.77 million, man-made filaments and staple fibers $61.13 million and others $49.66 million. https://thefinancialexpress.com.bd/public/index.php/trade/2155pc-growth-of-export-of-jute-jute-made-goods-in-july-dec-1578754361 https://www.globaltrademag.com/global-jute-market-2019-bangladesh-continues-to-dominate-exports-despite-decline-in-the-past-few-years/ present status–by export and consumption comparision and above is another link for data to compare The global jute market revenue amounted to $2.7B in 2018, going up by 4.6% against the previous year. This figure reflects the total revenues of producers and importers (excluding logistics costs, retail marketing costs, and retailers’ margins, which will be included in the final consumer price). https://www.textiletoday.com.bd/global-jute-market-2019-bangladesh-continues-dominate-exports-despite-decline-past-years/

BANGLADESH JUTE AT A GLANCE JUTE THE NATURAL FIBER 1. Average land area under jute cultivation : 14.75 Lac acres 2 Average production of jute carryover : 78 Lac bales (1.40 Million Ton.) 2 “ (0.04 Million Ton.) 80 Lac bales (1.44 Million Ton) 3 Average internal consumption of jute : 65 Lac bales (1.16 Million Ton) 4 Average Export of raw jute with value : Quantity Value 14.00 Lac bales (0.19 Million Ton) 1076 Cr. Tk. 5 Number of jute Mills : Under BJSA 94 (12 Closed) Under BJMA 165 (42 Closed Under BJMC 32 (10 Closed) Total : 291 Units (64 Closed) 6 Number of workers employed in Jute Mills (Approx.) : BJSA Mills 75,000 BJMA Mills 60,000 BJMC Mills 27,000 Total: 1,62,000 7 Average production of Jute goods : BJSA Mills 5,53,000 M. Tons BJMA Mills 2,94,000 M. Tons BJMC Mills 1,09,000 M. Tons Total : 9,56,000 M. Tons 8 Average internal consumption of Jute goods : BJSA Mills 30,000 M. Tons (Yarn/Twine) BJMA Mills 64,000 M. Tons (Sacking/Hessian) BJMC Mills 30,000 M. Tons (Sacking/Hessian) Total : 1,24,000 M. Tons 9 Average Export of jute goods with quantity, value : Quantity (M.T) Value (Cr. Tk) BJSA Mills 5,27,500 4200 BJMA Mills 1,78,500 1415 BJMC Mills 57,500 546 Total : 6161 10 Spindles in Jute Spinning Mills : 2,49,036 Installed 1,95,055 Operated 11 Installed Looms in Jute Mills Hessian Sacking CBC Others Total BJMC: Installed 6232 3696 1000 95 11023 Operated 2600 * 2535 393 20 5548 BJMA: Installed 6510 8285 831 495 16121 Operated 1675 2793 71 226 4765 Acronyms Used BJSA Bangladesh Jute Spinners Association (Private Sector) BJMA Bangladesh Jute Mills Association (Private Sector) BJMC Bangladesh Jute Mills Corporation (Public Sector) CBC Carpet Backing Cloth Weight & Measures: 1 acre = 0.405 hectares 1 bale = 180 K.G. 1. mt. = 5.56 Bales Source: Bangladesh Jute Spinners Association. As on 2018-19 <

i) History of Jute and its trade: ii) Present Situation a. Data of BD export to (form of export) different country A1. Competitor country data to these country A2. b. Data of Top 2/3 consumer’s country globally (from BD) iv) Trade In Jute & Jute goods v) Research in Jute Sector

The Basic Jute Products

The most basic and essential jute commodities fabricated in Bangladesh jute mills are: Canvas: It is the finest jute item, woven with highly premium grades of fiber. Jute canvas and screen lamination along with paper polythene is widely used in mines and for getting protection against weather. Sacking Cloth: Made up of low quality jute fibers, sacking cloth is loosely woven heavy cloth used for packing sugar, food grains, cement etc. Weighing from 15 to 20 ozs, several qualities are available in this category like Twill, heavy Cees, D.W Flour, Cement Bags and many more. Hessian Cloth: It is a plain woven superior quality jute fabric, weighing between 5 and 12 ozs, a yard. Hessian cloth is highly exported all across the world in the form of cloth, bags etc. Also known as burlap, this cloth is vastly used in wide ambit of applications. D.W. Tarpaulin: This product is majorly used for coverings on a very high multidimensional scale. Bags: Used mainly for shopping, bags are usually fabricated from sacking or hessian cloths. They are often decorated with varied artistic designs and with straps, chains and handles in several dimensions and shapes. Other categories of bags are promotional bags which are manufactured to promote items for sale. Hydrocarbon free jute cloth: This cloth is fabricated by treating jute with vegetable oil. It is a hessian fabric, hydrocarbon free cloth, widely used for packing different food materials, cocoa, coffee, peanut beans etc. Geo-textile: It is a jute cloth laid along the river embankment sides and hill slopes to prevent soil erosion and landslides. Serim Cloth: It is a light weight hessian cloth, used in felt industry for reinforcing the non woven fabric and for strengthening paper with lamination. Tobacco sheets: Used for wrapping tobacco leaves, tobacco sheets are made up of hessian cloth. Decorative items: The vast variety of decorative products are made up of jute fabrics like wall hangings, toys, table lamps, paper, decorative bags, furniture and many more. Hessian tapes and gaps: They are made up with hessian cloth, woven with gaps at regular intervals and the cloths cut between the gaps to make small width taps. http://bjmc.gov.bd/site/page/8889ebaa-1cf7-47d5-9870-4652bc778b76/-

http://www.juteyarn-bjsa.org/export-performance/ present export status

Multipurpose of Jute

Packaging: Olive,Potato, Coffee, Tobacco, Rice, Wheat etc.
Bags : Grocer, Shopping, Tourist, Travel, Ladies Purse, School Bag etc.
Automotive/Yacht Industry : To make Body parts in lighter weight which very cost effective to dispose. BMW, MERCEDES, AUDI, TOYOTA,NISSAN,VOLVO all are doing over.
Geotextile : Europe is using Jute for Geotextile.
Building & Home Décor : Huge opportunity is awaiting to explore

There are mainly two kind of Jute Products.

Industrial Products & Diversified Products.
Industrial Jute Products : Yarn & Fabric
Jute yarn is especially use in Carpet Industry.
Jute fabric is using to make bags.
Diversified products: All other than Yarn & Fabric are Diversified Products. Hammock that I send pictures Earlier that made for Tourist Spots. I’m thinking to develop more products. Like- for Netherlands they have Flower industry. So, we can provide a small piece of Jute clothes to bring the Flower Bucket. Its Natural & will give better look than artificial wrapping.

Potential countries Greece Italy Spain Netherlands Germany France Switzerland Belgium Sweden Norway USA

Market Promotion & Competitor

Jute has Market worldwide for Both Industrial & Diversified products. We just need to meet the local business men. Usually this trading done by Some German & European companies. And some Indian Traders. Most of the Jute Business men in Europe are fade up with India Traders due to their commitment, support & service. Some times we’ve to attend/participate in Fair to show/display Jute products to reach to the customers. I can get support from the Embassies of Bangladesh in other European Countries. Actually I don’t see any competitor. Rather, I’ve analysis a lot. For diversified products we need to explore maximum market as it has truly huge demand. I would request to visit Bangladesh for a 3-4 days. I’ll show all the Pioneer Jute Mills & Artisan who made these products. You will get an idea to proceed onward. Please see below link of one Swedish company. See their products & price range. http://juteeffect.se/

Research in Jute Sector

The secondary information sources were IJSG reports, BJRI reports, Bangladesh Journal of Jute and Fibre Research; Jute and Jute fabrics, Bangladesh, DAE, FAO statistics, different books, direct communications with related office and persons. Jute was found grown in Bangladesh almost solely as a rainfed crop without any irrigation or drainage provisions. The status of jute as a cash crop of Bangladesh was not at all satisfactory. Millions of people of Bangladesh depend on all affairs of jute crop. Lack of proper government policy on jute, lack of production of jute, random closures of jute mills, failure to modernize the cultivation system and manufacturing units, mismanagement and malpractice, fall of demand of jute in world market, use of alternative source to jute etc. were found as problems in the development of jute fibre in Bangladesh. Proper Government policy could solve the problems in jute sector of Bangladesh.

Despite the increase of number of jute products and also export revenue, the historical growth pattern of value added per person engaged in the sector does not appear to be encouraging in terms of meaningful contribution to Bangladesh’s growth aspiration. Should we use jute as the target industry to create high-tech productive knowledge in the area of science, technology, and design, so that such productive knowledge empowers Bangladesh to enter into high value-added innovation economy in diverse areas? It’s time we looked into the prospect of value addition of jute products through innovation and increased global marketing to accelerate economic growth of the country. Not only we should get rid of the subsidy culture in the jute sector and regulated demand creation for jute products, but we must also turn the huge workforce and land used by this sector to increasingly higher value-added outputs. It’s time for stakeholders to take a serious look into the exploitable latent potential of jute to decide about the future course of actions https://thefinancialexpress.com.bd/views/jute-product-innovation-and-growth-issues-1521820311

• Pectinolytic Bacterial Consortia Reduce Jute Retting Period and Improve Fibre Quality
  https://www.researchgate.net/institution/Bangladesh_Jute_Research_Institute
• Advanced Production Technology and Processing of jute